/*
* Example of dynamic method dispatch in Java.
* The oputput of this program is:
AA: AA
BB: BB
CC: CC
bb cast to AA: BB
cc cast to AA: CC
Had java used static method dispatch the output would be
AA: AA
BB: BB
CC: CC
bb cast to AA: AA
cc cast to AA: AA
* @author gtowell
*created: Sep 26. 2021
*/

public class DMD {
    // a class
    private class AA {
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return this.getClass().getCanonicalName();
        }
    }

    // another class, inherits from first
    private class BB extends AA {
        /**
         * @Override public String toString() { return "BB"; }
         **/
    }

    // another class, inherits from first and second
    private class CC extends AA {
        /**
         * @Override public String toString() { return "CC"; }
         **/
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DMD().doWork();
    }

    public void doWork() {
        AA aa = new AA();
        BB bb = new BB();
        CC cc = new CC();
        System.out.println("Just calling the toString methods of each inner class");
        System.out.println("AA: " + aa);
        System.out.println("BB: " + bb);
        System.out.println("CC: " + cc);
        // upcat each of bb and cc to AA
        AA caa = (AA) cc;
        AA baa = (AA) bb;
        System.out.println(
                "Call toStirng on instanceof classes after upcasting -- they still use the toStirng from their created type");
        System.out.println("bb cast to AA: " + baa);
        System.out.println("cc cast to AA: " + caa);
    }
}